Fix Visual Studio 2005 Slow Start

If you are, like me, a heavy user of Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, chances are that you have experienced at some point a very slow application start. Once my visual studio 2005 was taking about 30 seconds just to load the interface.

After some good research, I could find a very interesting point: my visual studio was referencing a solution that I haven't worked in the last 8 months. Going deep on this, I saw this registry key:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\8.0\ProjectMRUList (MRU stands for "Most Recently Used")
If you have never touched this key via any regedit application, chances are that it is holding the last 20 projects you worked using VS 2005, and it does not matter how many are listed in your MRU list in your "File menu".

Why does Visual Studio 2005 saves the last 20 projects even thou I choose to save only the last 5 ones is still a a mistery.

So, happens that some of the solutions in my list were pointing to remote drives that I do not access anymore, thus creating this delay when loading Visual Studio.

To fix that I simply deleted the values for this key and it is all good now.

By Edge Pereira

What is Marketing ?

Dear friends, today Apple released to the market the brand new iPod. Speaking of business, the iPod is such a extraordinary creation that no one could see it coming a few year ago and reaching the levels they are today and its relevance in the world market. The iPod created a brand new market for itself, and its market share is just amazing. To have an iPod today is to have status. Apple really did it, again.

But not always was like that. So let me tell you a story.

---- --- -- -

The year was 1997. Steve Jobs, who was previously fired from the company he created with a friend, was called back to Apple with a mission to rescue the company from the certain death. Once he got there, one of the first things he did, he fired the company who used to produce Apple's marketing campaigns and immediately put up Apple's marketing account up for grabs.

Mr. Jon Steel, owner of one of the agencies crazy to get such a big client, remember the exact moment when he met Jobs. According to his words, it was something like that:

"Me and my partner were almost 2 hours inside this huge meeting room with 2 others Apple's executives. Then Jobs came in. He literally broke the amazingly boring presentation we were watching. Those 2 guys were doing a presentation about Apple's history, profile, the "win-win" ideology, the key factors for success inside the company, Apple's vast portfolio, investment plans, yada yada yada.

Jobs briefly greeted us and then came straight away, without even turning his head towards the actual Apple's executives. He said:

- I am 100% sure this beautiful talk that you guys just heard from the "dynamic duo" here is all crap. So, here is the deal: The Apple is about to break. We are going for bankruptcy! but I believe that if we can make 2 or 3 things very well done, things with world class appeal, we will manage our way out of this. During the last days I rejected 11 projects that were presented to me, only 2 were left: called G4 and iMac. For me, they are the ONLY projects capable to represent what we want this company to become: Technologically superb, visually fantastic. And I will bet Apple's future on them.

We left the meeting with all the ideas from Jobs himself. A few days later, we got the news that the "dynamic duo" had been fired later that same day.”

---- --- -- -

Well, my point is. What is marketing for you? Let's call this case the "Marketing 1.0". Until mid-90s, that was the kind of marketing that trashed companies around the world, with those companies mission statements, with empty messages, boring...but very well formatted. Nowadays, this marketing does not deserve any of our attention anymore.

Sometimes I think some "marketing people" are trying to make a "cartel", a "gang". This gang would be made of their cool-other-marketing-creative-friends-from-other-companies, they create large campaigns based on repetition-repetition-repetition-repetition of the same campaigns of the past, just because there is a saying in this niche: You have to publish 10 times the same campaign, so the client will pay attention to the message. Just like those crazy rug sellers on the TV screaming every 0.5 seconds the prices out loud, treating us at home as deaf or blind consumers.

I say, that's rubbish! We can do better than this! They MUST do better than this!

That's why the Marketing 2.0 is coming powerful in the Internet age. Now, you can see very funny, creative, innovative campaigns from the Internet itself. And guess who created them? teenagers, retired people, even people who never worked with marketing before. The media revolution gave them power so other can see and tell: Hey, those guys are really cool! And they never went to those marketing schools to learn those same-same marketing laws.

Right now, the main problem of the Marketing 2.0 is the ROI, or the lack of it. It still does not have metrics, it still does not give us better "leads" for new businesses, they still do not have a strategy to align the field vendors and the employees using several communication pipes online and offline.

And that's going to be just a matter of time, and then one day those guys and this new marketing era will be able to predict entire product forecasts and compose projects budgets with efficiency. And in a new way!

The marketing 1.0 will be dead then; and with it, those who were not able to pick up the pace.

If you are a marketeer, and you like your job, think about it. What would Jobs tell about you in your next PowerPoint presentation? Would he interrupt you ? Would he support you?

And then, comes the Demand 2.0.

We should concentrate our business efforts in the clients, but those with the highest chances to turn from formal proposals to real contracts. To real money. Use the marketing 2.0 to collect, Analise the market and then create customized approaches. Now, speak clearly what is the BEST reason why this client would want to make business with you or to buy your product. When talking to the bosses, be straight, be business-oriented, goal-oriented. Stop selling only for your regular buyer.

Discover what does the client wants, what other problems they have. Attack them! Now share those ideas with those who can help to find a solution. Which bring another point: surround yourself of good people. good soldiers. DON'T LET THEM GO to another company.

Transform your website in a portal that educates the visitor about how you can help them, what solutions do you have, what problems can you solve. Place there you most successful cases. Make a blog. Let others now that your company is a good one for work, in an open-shared environment where ideas flow.

Start selling your product before the client is ready to buy!

Yes, the end of the Marketing 1.0 is near and it is coming. Throw away the old myths, open space for the new. The Marketing 2.0 is right here, right now.

Let's share ideas. I can share mine with you as well. If you don't share, how would we exchange and grow? if not here, where? if not now, when?

Think about it. See you guys later.

By Edge Pereira

The Risk

Last night I had a conversation with some new friends here in the Beautiful Australia and I would like to share something with you guys to reflect upon:

"Those people you see, on the National Geographic or Discovery Chanel, who try to reach the top of the Everest, are they crazy or what ?"

Now, picture this. For many decades, many men and women have tried... and there, they lost their lives. As a matter of fact, most of these people were not even able to return to their loved ones. Despite this tragic statistic, more and more people tried... risking... knowing that they probably will die during this journey, leaving family, children, wives behind.

So, why they still did/do this ? Because it was worth it doing it. In the very risk, a transformation happens in you, something is born inside you. No other experience can give you this. It only can be developed in the risk. That's the beauty of risk.

So, here we are, talking about the idea of "live your live to the most", no regrets, no looking back.

Then another question arise: "Can you remember when did you feel most alive?"

For some, it was when they managed to speak a second language for first time, for others was when they first did bungie-jumping in New Zealand or Switzerland, for others was when their first child was born.

Now, if you remember "your special moment", I bet a shiver will run through your spine and your heartbeat increase. If I ask you to describe this feeling, you will be talking about this moment, proud of yourself and about how cool was it.

I can almost tell a pattern where people will :

- Talk about a scenario in which the risk pushed themselves out of their comfort zone and;
- The outcome of the risk is not the main goal, instead the journey is what they remember most and;
- They finish the story with a big smile and sparkling eyes.

So, there it goes. Think again about that first question I mentioned. Now, my idea is that the beauty of the risk doesn't lie in the final result - it lies in who you become in the process. Confident. Engaged. Alive. I risk to say more: this is not something you do every summer
- it becomes a habit, and it can be contagious. It gives you a new approach to life. After doing it, your life is just not the same anymore, otherwise you will feel stagnant, bored.

So, just like that famous question:"when was the last time you did something for the first time?"

See you all later!

By Edge Pereira

Start Slow: TFS and Team System

Lately I have been talking a lot with my colleagues about the TFS and the Visual Studio Team System.

Even thou these are very cool ground breaking technologies, I must say that they are no silver-bullets.

Companies who does not implement the right processes for software development life cycle, will get little gain from implementing them accross their teams.

I can say without doubt that if your company uses the Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) methodologies as a base, that's a very good indicator; if not, please before using TFS or TS, try to engage your team on this philosofy.

Team System is a very expensive package, and it is not like Microsoft Office, that you just install and then let the people using it. If you plan to use Team System, one advice: Start small. Start by using TFS as a version-control and take advantage of work-item tracking. Now it is a good time to leave behind those cheap-file-system-based solutions like SourceSafe and CVS. They were good, at their moments, but now time times are different, we are talking of a world-class solution.


I have never heard of a full implementation of Team System in one shot . I can only imagine that if this happen, they would fire-fight the integration of so many variables and softwares and tools, and probably will learn that very simple truth: Team System is just too big. There is just too much to learn and execute at the same time. I even risk saying that at the end it will be a very big frustration... and waste of time...and of course, money.

So, by trying first the work-item tracking, everyone can see right away something called: traceability; also code metrics and better team communication. These are only baby steps, but at least in the right direction.

Once the work-item tracking is done, do this: implement unit testing. Start small, don't be affraid, start using basic unit testing, not the whole Test-Driven Development methodology. Remember, right now we only want to kick-off our environment, so no rush. Another point, is that TDD is a highly complex practice, not only a bunch of monkeys tryping crazy stuff to test and validade the cycle, so the learning curve can be very steep. Just by implementing Unit testing you will already improve the code quality in a matter of days.

The next step is to write unit tests to validade a requirement. Oh...Don't you have requirements? in this case, return to basics...MSF.

This is another benefit that you will have in a immediate way — you will for sure understand how to meet your requirements. Why? simple, because if you can't write an unit test for requirements, then the requirement isn't testable. The unit testing tools in Team Edition for Software Testers will quilify these are "poor quality items", and we do not want to deliver poor solutions, do we?

Now, just like you read email, or drink coffe, or do a little break at 3PM for a chat with colleagues, do this: perform unit testing. everyday. There is a method called continuous integration which is perform the tests against the code before it is checked in. If this is ask too much, at least make sure to check in a buildable version of your software. That's the minimum you can do for your colleagues, and for yourself. Guarentee that the latest version is not breaking.

The reason for that is called nightly builds. Every night, a build will be performed by Team System, and it will catch all the errors during this process. So play this game, try to catch the error before TS. Chances are you won't, but again you will improve your software testing culture. At the end of the day, is way cheaper catch bugs in development than after releases.

Another good thing about nightly builds is that, after each build you will have access to a report of build metrics. That's a very extensive report about your code. How many lines of code, method counts, how many unused variables, how many changesets per build. That's history data, and in a few months you can clearly identify what pieces of code are the most critical in your solution...chances are that you will be surprised to know that a small validating method in some business logic layer is just too overloaded with calls and responsability.

Even the nightly build is a big turn. So, try run the nightly builds per assembly, for a start...then add others with the time, if all goes well and you are getting used to the methodology.

Well, here they are: TFS, work-items, unit testing, nightly builds...And just for you to know, Microsoft Best Practices says to implement Team System new features every 3 months. So, again, no rush.

Good Luck!

microsoft visual studio 2008 Orcas team foundation server TFS Team System Solutions Framework MSF methodology SourceSafe CVS source control traceability code metrics test Test-driven Development unit testing Tester nightly builds assembly Best Practices

By Edge Pereira

A few ways to recognize your employeers work

Here goes a few ideas about how to recognize your employees works and that probably will help you to make the office space a better place to live:

• For your new employee, on his first day at work, put on his desk some chocolates and a written letter:"Welcome to our team!"
• Give your employees a sign or plate with their name to place on his desk or hang outside his door. It makes a bid difference!
• Try to pin point and understand EXACTLY what motivates you to work.
• Give a "Pizza Party" at your department. This can happen in the last day of the month, during somebody's birthday or simply because you are hungry and want to celebrate a Friday.
• Read letters from satisfied customers in front of everyone, share with them your accomplishments.
• Create 'goals' and distribute them away with a message: "Dinner for 2 for those who make it happen".
• Talk regularly with every single employee, but let each one of them in charge of scheduling the date. Give them this responsibility and look like they are calling you for meeting.

By Edge Pereira

The 300 Role Model

"Surrender, we are many, you are few. We won't lay down our weapons, you want them? Come get them! The Persians arrows will blot out the sun. Better this way, we will fight in the shadow."

The movie ‘300’ is like a big punch in the stomach, and you have no time to fall. In '300', you see a comic book story that meets the entrepreneurship that meets the world history.

‘300’ is about the legendary battle of Thermopylae where, on the year of 480 BC, 300 Spartans fought against millions of Persians for the future of Greece. Nobody knows exactly how many were really involved in the war; but everyone agreed: It was few against many!

Based on Frank Miller's graphic novel, the movie in its first week generated USD 70 millions in USA alone, with no Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt or a big-shot Hollywood star; instead the major roles were a Scottish called Gerard Butler as King Leonidas and a Brazilian called Rodrigo Santoro as King Xerxes.

Some might say that people go to see this movie because it shows sexy naked women, rock music, violence and amazing special effects.

That's a lie!

This movie captures the audience because it is about the eternal battle between the strong and the weak, between heroes and villains, between common people and powerful kings. This movie attracts people because every single one wants to know how to defeat a much powerful competitor when we have only too few resources; how to conquer the market when we have few people; how to make more out of few.

‘300’ is a bloody battle between a little small company carried on the shoulders of very talented warriors committed by the honor and a huge corporation machine maintained by millions of regular employees who, some of them, do not even know what are they doing in the company or why they are doing that.

‘300’ offers much more than insights for your professional life than many MBA courses around there. Save yourself USD 500, watch the movie for a few dollars. You will learn a lesson about the leader that inspired others (even to admire him until his last breath), you will learn about how to start a company where everyone wants to work on 24x7 (until their last moments), to create a brand, a history, a legend (that will overcome the death).

When the captain decides to punish the soldier, Leonidas - Spartan King - teaches the manager the value of respect towards the lower ranks. When in doubt of his own convictions, Leonidas asks his partner’s opinion, wife, and Queen - who always is treated equally as any other man - about how to deal with the business. When busy, just a few days before facing millions and certain death, he find himself quality time to spend with his little son and teach him the secrets of the business world that he knows so well. When ready for battle, tie, computer and mobile, everything he does is to KEEP FOCUS ON THE REASON to make the best for the business and his employees. When King Xerxes, try to seduce Leonidas with the benefits of a possible merge & acquisition of the little Spartan company by the mega-corporation Persia will bring to the shareholders, for him (by becoming CEO of Greece, palaces, women, higher salaries) and for his employees (who will set themselves free from slavery), Leonidas reminds Xerxes that the true slavery of the human being it is not the economical slavery or social, but is to lose the Spartan life style, their culture, their philosophy and the right to take decisions freely without need to justify to nobody.

In every scene, you can learn something about you! Forget the popcorn and the soft drinks, concentrate on the dialogues.

When the Spartan board of directors decides to surrender to Xerxes, by not supporting Leonidas, they take the army command out from Leonidas, and tell him to kneel and behold the invisible; Leonidas instead, he does a spin-off in the army, creates himself his own company, he gathers 300 of his best soldiers and go to war against Xerxes' millions. When he is asked about how he will defeat millions with just 300 soldiers he says he will use his brain when Xerxes uses his ego. He moves towards Thermopylae, a narrow passage where it will neutralize the enemy superiority in numbers.

When an incapable and mediocre Spartan asks him to join the army, Leonidas tells him to go home; in the other hand, Xerxes is sending his mediocre to the front to die first. In Leonidas' small company, only the best, the braves and the brilliants are accepted. He left out the weak, the average, and the non-team players. Interesting, he brings all the married men with at least one son, meaning these are the most committed people when compared against young and singles.

He does not want anybody to slow down his bests and show weakness to the enemy. He can not afford it. During a very important moment of the battle, Leonidas meets Xerxes, the God-King asks: "How do you envision defeating me? I would kill anyone of my own men just to have you killed"; "I would die for anyone of my own men" Leonidas says.

When Leonidas notices that he will not be able anymore to defeat Xerxes' army, he decides to build a brand!!! He sends just one of your soldiers back home with a mission to make sure everyone knows about of what happened there and the history and glory of those 300 Spartans will live forever.

2.500 years later, in the other side of the planet, we are here talking about those 300 warriors. "The whole world will know that a handful of free men fought to their death against the tyranny, the whole world will know that few stand against many."

The marketing started by Leonidas worked. This viral inspired millions of Spartans, and produced the necessary proud to unite the Greek world, who later ended the Persian invasion and never defeated Greece. And because of that, a new regime was being born, the Democracy.

The Spartan society left nothing behind except the histories of his battles. No art, no knowledge, no invention, no technology to enlighten the path...but they left the unconditional dedication and the strong discipline of his people to become the best warriors of the world as legacy.

Sparta did not produced an Einstein, a Michelangelo, or a Leonardo da Vinci, but they gave birth to the expression "Spartan Life", that is today related to the lifestyle where a person give up privileges and personal benefits to embrace (with body, mind and soul) and surrender his life to a higher cause.

Is that enough for you or you want more?

By Edge Pereira

Leadership and Motivation in the Working Environment

The old motto 'if you do not work, I fire you' is becoming history now more and more. Today, the business gurus consider that an efficient organization must rely under motivation. The question is: how to make motivation work? How to find out what motivates people?

At the beginning of a new job, I can say that almost everyone is highly motivated. However, according to a survey conducted by institutions like the Harvard Business School, around 85% of the cases, the moral suffer a huge drop after the upcoming 6 months and it will continue to drop, in a slower pace, for the next years. Big part of that, is due to the bad relationship between the managers and the managed ones.

The good news is that, mostly the times just suffice to correct some small attitudes in order to bring the employee's moral up, to make the work environment a better place and the organization to become more efficient. After all happier people produces better and in less time.

And come on, who does not like to be recognized?

Truth must be told, in my career I have heard some times some managers say: why do I have to thank my employee for a well-done job? He is paid for that anyway. Well, that's a huge mistake some will agree with me. As a matter of fact, I can guarantee, sometimes a simple compliment or a touch in his shoulders are powerful motivational agents. Contact. Human beings by nature enjoy contact and interation.

So, if you recognize yourself in this scenario, IMHO, a little piece of advice: do not be a dictator.

Do you want to demotivate the employees in no time? Easy, just enforce a tough and authoritarian leadership. You can't go wrong here, if this is your goal.
Do you want motivate them? Understand that a good leader is not the one who barks louder the orders, but the one who consider that his mission is to lead the people working with him.

Now go there and talk to them.

I have experienced countless times managers (and I've experienced that with some managers that I had), not asking or seeking advice to their employed for a stupid reason called fear. Fear that he might be somehow seen with other eyes, as if he was a semi-god. The employee, in other hand, maybe have some brilliant ideas but do not dare to communicate them.

That's why real leaders left their pride aside and constantly seeks for suggestions from his colleagues. I have an interesting theory and methodology that I use. Sometimes when I lead projects, I find myself in a position that I know exactly what to do and how to do it, but for the good sake of keeping a democratic communication channel I still go asking my managed ones for their suggestions, behind the scenes that's just to enforce the idea that they can approach me freely with ideas. Sometimes they can come up with very good ideas and new paths. Other times I just guide them to reach the idea that I have in mind, so in a sense I give them a feeling of accomplishment. That always works like a charm.

A practice often seen is the information distribution that follow a specific standard or criteria like what you only need to know. I find very disappointing when an employee is not aware about how his work can add value to the company as a whole. My friends, it is easy and I can not be more straight than tha: if an employee does not know the reason of his daily work, he will never wear the company's jersey.

This all sounds great. Now you could be thinking, can any worked be motivated? Honestly, the answer is no. As in life, in any company we always find a small group of people who are in a sense anti-work. They are there just for the money and try to find the less possible. Not only this, but they also avoid those who want to do things right. For these, the answer might be: discipline. A clear talk with them about their attitude and if they do not perform, well then unfortunately the company can not afford. Even so, again we return to the start of this article: communicate.

By Edge Pereira

About Me

 

Edge Pereira is an experienced Enterprise Collaboration consultant and public speaker specialized in IT managed services.

Over the past 10 years, Edge has been providing operational and strategic advice to business to achieve their goals and more recently focused in the transition to the cloud, SharePoint and Office 365.

Edge Pereira on Google+, Twitter and Facebook

Mono Project

Mono is a comprehensive open source development platform based on the .NET framework that allows developers to build Linux and cross-platform applications with unprecedented productivity.

Mono's .NET implementation is based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Infrastructure.

Sponsored by Novell and led by Miguel de Icaza, the Mono project has an active and enthusiastic contributing community. Mono includes both developer tools and the infrastructure needed to run .NET client and server applications

And here you can listen the noted developer Miguel de Icaza talking about the Mono project. Ever wanted to run your .NET applications on Linux or a Mac, check out this show!

By Edge Pereira

Web Projects and Source Control in Visual Studio .NET

Some developers believe that source-code control is a necessary evil. Yet, source-code control is a sound business practice supporting your software development process. In this article you will be shown a real-world step-by-step approach to effectively using Microsoft® Visual SourceSafe® as your source-code control mechanism. In this article, you will be shown how to create a new SourceSafe database, how to check in and check out files, and how to create releases using labels. Take a look about how to use Visual SourceSafe for ASP.NET

No one person can master all the languages, techniques, tools, and processes required to create world-class software applications rapidly and consistently. That's why most professional developers work in teams. Efficiency and economy demand it. In the same way, most software development teams adopt a parallel development methodology that liberates individuals from the constraints of serial development, where one developer completes one task before the next can begin another. Parallel development allows multiple individuals to work in isolation, safely developing the same, or different parts and versions of a project at the same time. To realize the benefits of parallel development, teams must implement processes so that project contributors can expeditiously, incrementally, and sometimes automatically resolve small conflicts before they grow into big ones. Visual Studio .NET can improve a team's ability to cooperate by ensuring adequate developmental isolation.

By Edge Pereira

Researching the new Windows interface

Check a very interesting video from MSDN about the Microsoft Tech Research team.
Those guys are really cool people, with very interesting ideas. But I guess they end up by bending over the Mac platform.
Look at the video of the research they are doing for the new Windows version.

I am not against Microsoft copying things from the competitors. I am a End User, and as far as I am concerned, the more features and navigable paths I have, happier I am.

Design Patterns - Refactoring C# code in VS.Net 2005

Refactoring is a formal and mechanical process, used to modify existing code in such a way that it does indeed become 'better' while preserving the program's intended functionality. In addition to improving a program's overall design, the refactoring process tends to yield code which is far easier to maintain and extend in the long run.

Here it is a very nice article about this matter

And by the way, look at the new VS.Net 2005 interface...just great!!

By Edge Pereira

Rendering ASP.NET controls in Mozilla, Opera, Netscape etc

Stop a while and think with me. Do you guys agree with me that it is a common point that ASP.NET controls should render with no hassle in any browser?
Sure. but lately I haven't seen this happening in my Mozilla FireFox.
The page which is perfect in my IE60; it just looks *terrible* when navigating on Mozilla FireFox.

Doing some research in the net (of course) I found out that ASP.NET by default targets HTML 4.01 and CSS. For other browsers such as Netscape, the ASP.NET browser detection engine classifies them as down-level browsers, so do not be surprised if you see pages rendering in HTML 3.0 when your open-source browser can perfectly show HTML 4.0 content.
To avoid that, add these lines to your web.config:

#browserCaps#
#result type="System.Web.HttpBrowserCapabilities, System.Web, Version=1.0.3102.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" /#
#use var="HTTP_USER_AGENT" /#
#TagWriter=System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter /#
#/browserCaps#
note: # means the opening and closing XML tags... blogger.com does not support XML comments.

That will push HTML 4.0 content, no matter the browser is. Of course, you do not want to force this always I guess, so just play around with browserCaps and you can even make your app be 100% fully compatible with Netscape 6.x or 7, Mozilla 1.0, Opera etc and tell it to always use HTML 4.0

By Edge Pereira

The New Face of the Silicon Age

US jobs are fleeing overseas...

United States
GDP per capita : $35,060
Unemployment rate : 5.8%
Labor force : 141.8 million
Population below the poverty line : 13%
Typical salary for a programmer : $70,000

... and heading to the subcontinent ...

India
GDP per capita : $480
Unemployment rate : 8.8%
Labor force : 406 million
Population below the poverty line : 25%
Typical salary for a programmer : $8,000

Top 5 US Employers in India
General Electric 17,800 employees
Hewlett-Packard 11,000 employees
IBM 6,000 employees
American Express 4,000 employees
Dell 3,800 employees

More to see? Click here

A Good Piece of Advice

...coming from the IBM CEO to the new software companies:
Would you like me to give you a formula for success? It's quite simple, really. Double your rate of failure. You are thinking of failure as the enemy of success. But it isn't as all. You can be discouraged by failure or you can learn from it. So go ahead and make mistakes. Make all you can. Because, remember that's where you will find success.

Thomas J. Watson, Sr.

By Edge Pereira